Week3 DQ Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week3 DQ Team - Essay Example The clear distinction between the two terms can be understood on the basis of their definitions. A habit, or habituation, is â€Å"becoming accustomed to any behavior or condition, including psychoactive substance use.† In contrast, an addiction is defined as â€Å"Repeated use of a psychoactive substance, to the extent that the user is periodically or chronically intoxicated, shows a compulsion to take the preferred substance, has great difficulty in voluntarily ceasing or modifying substance use, and exhibits determination to obtain psychoactive substance by almost any means† (WHO Lexicon, 2008). Based on the above, we can clearly distinguish between habituation and addiction. Habituation differs from addiction mainly in the absence of physical and psychological dependence, as a desire rather than a compulsion for the substance and the absence of a tendency to progressively increase the dose. A habit is a pattern of behavior which tends to be repetitive and is executed by conscious choice. It is regular, tends to result in beneficial outcomes and usually increases efficiency. On the other hand, an addiction dominates one’s life to the exclusion of all other activities and responsibilities and has a detrimental effect on the individual and society. Withdrawal symptoms characterize an addict’s efforts to stop usage of the substance. Habits and addictions basically differ in the degree of dependence. Unlike habits, addictions include compulsion, craving, increased tolerance for the substance and withdrawal symptoms. A nightcap, which becomes the customary pre-requ isite for a good night’s sleep, is a habit. The need for increasing quantities of alcohol to feel good is an addiction. An allergy is defined as â€Å"abnormal sensitivity to a substance which is normally tolerated and generally considered harmless† (AAAAI Website). The immune system is the body’s defense mechanism against foreign bodies, or antigens, which are protein molecules

History Vietnam Controlled Assessment Essay Example for Free

History Vietnam Controlled Assessment Essay P1 Para-starter: Use of Defoliation to win hearts and minds. Point 1: Causes birth defects  Evidence: â€Å"Agent Orange is fifty times more concentrated than normal agricultural herbicides; this extreme intensity completely destroyed all plants in the area. Agent Orange not only had devastating effects on agriculture but also on people and animals. The Vietnam Red Cross recorded over 4.8 million deaths and 400,000 children born with birth defects due to exposure to Agent Orange. (http://vietnamawbb.weebly.com/napalm-agent-orange.html) Explanation: So it affected South Vietnam negatively, caused them to hate US and feel sympathy for VC. Evidence 2: Point 2: Use of napalm strikes Evidence: â€Å"Fail grey smoke where they’d burnt off the rice fields, brilliant white smoke from phosphorus, and deep black smoke from napalm. They said that if you stood at the base of the column it would suck the air right out of your lungs.† (Sauvain, Philip: Vietnam) Explanation: Consequently shows how bad it is from American POV so would be worse for random civilian. Evidence 2: Para-ender: Overall, defoliation is bad because it makes civilians hate US. P2 Para-starter: Use of Search and Destroy to win hearts and minds Point 1: Ruthless aggression of Americans Evidence: â€Å"Frustrated and frightened American troops settled on searching villages and destroying those instead. In most cases these villages played no role in supporting the VC.†(Demarco, Neil: Vietnam) Explanation: Because of this Americans would kill innocents (Refer to My Lai Massacre and Zippo lighters) Evidence 2: Para-ender: As a result, brutality of US caused the civilains to hate the US P3 Para-Starter: In addition, use of Search and Destroy to counter VC Point 1: VC were well prepared Evidence: Such missions were ineffective because at the slightest hint of american activity the communist forces would slip away into the jungle.(Bircher, Rob and May-History controlled assessment) Explanation: Shows how well prepared VC were compared to americans Evidence 2: 60%of US casualties from the war came from traps and mines Explanation: Shows how vulnerable Americans were, demoralized American troops and failed to counter VC P4 Para-starter: Finally, Defoliation counters VC Point 1: Successful to an extent Evidence: It is estimated that approximately 77 million litres of this acid was sprayed over Vietnam (Rob Bircher and Steve May History Controlled Assessment) Evidence 2:Nearly 5.5 million acres of South Vietnamese forest and cropland(Gibson, Michael The war in Vietnam) Explanation: initial plan to uncover Ho Chi Minh trail, but not fully achieved. Para-ender: In Addition, they couldnt do more damage cause communists are supported by USSR and China.

Computer Crime :: essays research papers fc

Computer Crime Problems with Format Billions of dollars in losses have already been discovered. Billions more have gone undetected. Trillions will be stolen, most without detection, by the emerging master criminal of the twenty-first century--the computer crime offender. Worst of all, anyone who is computer literate can become a computer criminal. He or she is everyman, everywoman, or even everychild. The crime itself will often be virtual in nature--sometimes recorded, more often not--occurring only on the Internet, with the only record being electronic impulses. Before discussing Internet crimes, we can expect to see in the years ahead, let's look at the good news: The most-dreaded types of offenses--crimes such as murder, rape, assault, robbery, burglary, and vehicle theft--will be brought under control in the years ahead by a combination of technology and proactive community policing. Creation of the cashless society, for example, will eliminate most of the rewards for robbers and muggers, while computer-controlled smart houses and cars will thwart burglars and auto thieves. Implanted bodily function monitors and chemical drips (such as "sober-up" drugs and synthesized hormones) will keep most of the sexually and physically violent offenders under control. But computer criminals--ranging in age from preteen to senior citizen--will have ample opportunities to violate citizens' rights for fun and profit, and stopping them will require much more effort. Currently, we have only primitive knowledge about these lawbreakers: Typically, they are seen only as nuisances or even admired as innovators or computer whizzes. But increasingly, the "hacker" is being replaced by the menacing "cracker"--an individual or member of a group intent on using the Internet for illegal profit or terrorism. Access to the Internet has begun to expand geometrically, and technology is making the Internet even more friendly and affordable for millions of users. But foolproof protective systems can probably never be develope d, although some high-tech entrepreneurs are certainly trying. Even if a totally secure system could ever be developed, it would likely disrupt the free flow of information--an unacceptable intrusion to most users. In fact, it is the ease of access that is driving this rapidly expanding field of crime. What are the major computer crimes being committed, how, and by whom? More importantly, where is computer crime headed in the twenty-first century? Let's look at five crime categories: communications, government, business, stalking, and virtual crimes. COMMUNICATIONS CRIMES Already, cellular theft and phone fraud have become major crimes.

Percentages in Our Life

Percentages in real world Keywords: math, divide, percentage, interest, persent change Around the year 1260, the philosopher Roger Bacon wrote: â€Å"Mathematics is the door and the key to the sciences†¦ for the things of this world cannot be made known without a knowledge of mathematics†. Centuries later this is as true as ever. Mathematics is unique. It is both a beautiful and fascinating world of abstract structures and ideas and a down-to-earth, practical subject at the heart of modern science and technology.Much of its attraction comes from studying the relationship between theory and practice – an elegant theorem on complex functions, for example, also governs the lift on an aircraft wing, and apparently highly abstract algebraic results have important consequences in data security. There is one of the way to express how large/small one quantity is, relative to another quantity in math we use percentage. A percentage is a part of something expressed as a valu e out of a hundred. Percentages are an important part of our everyday lives. Some examples include: sales and discounts interest rates percentage chance of rainfall xam results statistics and survey results sports statistics. Percentage is a very handy way of writing fractions. Percentages can be compared more easily than fractions(fraction (from Latin: fractus, â€Å"broken†) represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts, for example, one-half, eight-fifths, three-quarters). A percent can always be written as a decimal, and a decimal can be written as a percent, by moving the decimal point two places to the right. The history of percentages goes back to the ancient Egyptians who wrote numbers (based on tens) alongside pictures called hieroglyphs. The idea of xpressing parts of the whole are constantly in the same proportions, due to practical considerations, was born in ancient times from the Babylonians, who used the sexagesimal fractions. Alre ady in Babylonian cuneiform tables are problems on the calculation of interest. Interest and have been known in India. Indian mathematicians calculated the percentages, using the so-called rule of three, that is, using a proportion. Examples: 1)To calculate a percentage value from absolute numbers Peter scores 25 out of 32 in an exam, what is his result as a percentage? To calculate Peter’s percentage score it is necessary to change '25 out of 32†² into ‘? ut of 100'. So: 25/32=? /100 This is done by multiplying the actual score by 100: 25/32 x 100 = 78% So 25/32 is the same as 78/100 So John got 78% in his exam. 2)To calculate the true value a percentage represents A camera normally costs ?120 but in the sale it has been reduced by 15%. How much discount does this represent? (ie 15% of 120) 15% of 120 = 15 ‘out of 100' of 120. 15 ‘out of 100' can be written as 15/100 So: =15/100*120 =0. 15*120 =18 Therefore 15% represents ?18 discount on the camera, th e sale price being ?102 (?120 less discount ?18). 3)To calculate percentage increases and decreasesPercent increase and percent decrease are measures of percent change, which is the extent to which something gains or loses value. Percent changes are useful to help people understand changes in a value over time. Let's look at example of percent increase and decrease. A particular brand of milk cost 35 per bag last week. This week it costs 42 per bag. By what percentage has the price risen? Percentage increase = Actual increase/Original value x 100 In these example: actual increase = 42 – 35 = 7 original value = 35 Therefore: Percentage increase = 7/35 x 100 = 0. 2 x 100 = 20% The price has risen by 20%. )To compare or combine results with different base values Dina sat two exams last week. In science she scored 68 out of 100. In maths she scored 39 out of 60. Which subject did she do the best in? This is not instantly clear. The results would be easier to compare if they had t he same base – ie they were both ‘out of' the same number. The easiest way to do this is to change them both to percentages. Use the same method as with Peter's exam results earlier. Make them both ‘out of 100'. Science: 68 out of 100 = 68% This one is easy because the mark is already out of 100. Maths: 39 out of 60 = ? ut of 100 39/60 x 100 = 65% So, Dina did better in her science exam than her maths exam. 5)Percentages more than 100% This can seem confusing. Sometimes 100% represents a whole one. For example, in exams you can’t do any better than 100% as this represents all the marks available. Likewise when looking at percentage chances, there can be no more than a 100% chance of rain. This represents a certainty. However, there are other situations where you can use percentages that are more than one hundred. For example, a country experiencing hyper-inflation can have an inflation rate of, say, 300%.If you think of this as 300 ‘out of a hundred', this may seem impossible. However, you could think of it as 300 ‘for every hundred' and then it makes more sense. After all, any percentage gives a score ‘for every hundred'. An exam result of 68% is 68 correct answers for every hundred questions. Looking back at the inflation situation, you now need 300 more units of currency for every hundred units you needed before. If you are not sure whether you can use percentages greater than one hundred in a particular situation, the best way to check is to invent some numbers or an example and see if the result is sensible. ) A table normally sells for J750; in a sale it is reduced by 180%. Does this make sense? First, what is 180% of 750: 180% x 750 = 1350 So, how much would the table be in the sale (750 – 1350 = – 600)? As the table cannot be sold for less than nothing, it does not make sense, percentages greater than 100 cannot work in this situation. b) A shoe manufacturer sells 10,000 pairs of trainers in the month of May. During the World Cup demand increases and by August sales have risen by 180%. Does this make sense? First work out 180% of 10,000: 180% x 10,000 = 18,000So the manufacturer sold 18,000 more pairs of trainers in August than in May. This would mean that sales of trainers in August totalled 28,000 (10,000 + 18,000). This does make sense, so percentages greater than 100 can be used in this context. Why do we use percentages? The use of percentages in many financial situation is so natural that is is worth spending a few moments considering why this is so. If you need to divide something up into portions so that each person gets an appropriate share of the whole then percentages are a good way to go about it.If a pie is divided into two parts so that A gets twice as much as B then the appropriate percentages are 66. 66% and 33. 33%. As long as the pie is shared out into these percentages the two-to-one ratio will be maintained. When relative importance is gauged as a ratio then a percentage allocation is appropriate. However notice that as the total amount to be divided increases the absolute gap between what A and B receive increases. This property of a percentage increase/decrease of keeping ratios fixed is less arguably appropriate when what is being shared is less obvious. For example. f A and B work for an hourly rate of $20 per hour and $10 per hour then a percentage wage rise of 10% will keep the two-to-one payment the same at $22 per hour and $11 per hour. However the differential between the two rates of pay has jumped from $10 to $11. If a percentage increase is repeatedly applied the differential between the hourly rates goes on steadily rising even though the two-to-one ratio remains unchanged. This isn’t necessarily wrong but it is important that all concerned understand that a percentage increase or decrease keeps existing ratios fixed but changes absolute differences.

The Toronto Maple Leafs

The Toronto Maple Leafs will try to avoid their longest losing streak of the season when they host the struggling Minnesota Wild tonight at Air Canada Centre. Don't miss a moment of the action live on TSN, beginning at 7pm et/4pm pt. You can also talk hockey and get game updates with TSN. ca's Game Night blog. The Maple Leafs had won a season-high four straight games before losing regulation decision against Buffalo, the Rangers and Ottawa. It is Toronto's fourth three-game slide of the year, but the first one with all three losses coming in regulation. Toronto, which is three points behind Florida and Pittsburgh for the final two playoff spots in the Eastern Conference, hasn't dropped four in a row since an 0-3-1 stretch from Nov. 26-Dec. 2 of last season. The Wild have also lost three straight (0-2-1) and are just 2-10-4 in their last 16 trips to the ice. Minnesota is currently ninth in the Western Conference with 51 points after leading the NHL with 43 points on Dec. 10. Toronto scored the first two goals in Tuesday's game against visiting Ottawa, but the Sens scored three unanswered goals and Craig Anderson made 37 saves to lift the visitors to a 3-2 decision. Joffrey Lupul and Matthew Lombardi scored for the Maple Leafs, while James Reimer made 18 saves in his first start since December 31. â€Å"We let them hang around,† Lombardi said. â€Å"They took advantage of their opportunities and stuck with it. We got away from our game a few times and it bit us in the end. † Toronto has lost the first two tests on a five-game homestand and is 12-7-4 as the host this season. The team will look to Jonas Gustavsson in goal this evening, who is 0-2 with a 3. 03 goals-against average and . 91 save percentage in his last two outings – a lose to the New York Rangers and Buffalo Sabres. Minnesota, meanwhile, played Tuesday night in Philadelphia and was dealt a 5-1 setback by the Flyers, who went 2-for-6 on the power play and outshot the Wild, 34-26. Former Flyer Darroll Powe supplied the lone goal for Minnesota, while Josh Harding surrendered five goals on 34 shots in the loss — the 10th in row on the road for the Wild. †Å"Bad things happened to us when we were in first place and we were winning a lot of hockey games [because] we overcame them. Right now we let those affect us in a very negative way,† said Wild head coach Mike Yeo. Minnesota is just 10-11-4 as the visiting team this season and is completing a four-game road trip tonight. The Wild's last road win came on Dec. 10 at Phoenix and the club is 0-8-2 as the guest since then. Tonight's tilt marks the one scheduled meeting between the Wild and Leafs this season. Toronto posted a 3-0 win in St. Paul last year and has taken six of the nine all-time meetings in this series. The Wild earned their first-ever win in Toronto when the clubs last met at the ACC on Nov. 10, 2009.

buy custom The Business Environment essay

buy custom The Business Environment essay There are gains and risks of economic globalization. Globalization can be defined as increase international contact in economic activities, culture and people (Held 2007, pg 1). This term can also be used to refer to the worldwide flow of popular culture, thoughts and languages. When applied in the economic context the term then refers to economic globalization. Economic globalization according to the United Nations ESCWA refers to decrease and exclusion of trade barriers between and among states (Eclac: 2002. pg 10). These barriers might be in form of in terms of quotas, tariffs or export fees. The exclusion and decreasing the trade barriers is meant to enhance movement of goods, services, labour and capital among nations. This paper seeks to explain the gains and risks of Strinidal a country with an average per ca of $ 2000 at market exchange and having a population of 40 million with 14 million living in urban areas. Moreover its major0 exports are raw materials including a small amount of oil. Strinidal according to the listings of the UN is slightly above least developed countries. These are countries with have an average per capita of $905. To transit from this level a country must have an average per capita of $ 1,086. Strinidal is therefore a good example of a developing country. These are countries with per capita more than $ 1,086. According to the IMF report on globalization of 2000; this countries have most of their exports as raw materials and foods (Eclac: 2002. pg 98) Strinidal with an average per capita of $ 2000 and exporting majorly raw material and a small amount of oil fits well in this category of developing countries. Gains globalization for Strinidal The IMF 2000 report states that globalization has four main aspects that is trade, movement of labour from one country or continent to another, foreign direct investment, movement of knowledge ideas, thoughts, technology and also flow of capital investment% (IMF, 2000). Globalization leads to knowledge transfer (Eclac: 2002. pg 98). The knowledge transfer can be in terms of technical knowledge transfer, democracy which leads to the transformation of societies. This knowledge can also be about available opportunities in the market. Knowledge about good policies which led to success of other countries can be acquired in Strinidal through globalization. Importing good governance from the global world can attract foreign direct investment (FDI) the same way it worked for those countries. From a global perspective we can learn that bribery and other malpractices in the developing countries have affected foreign direct investment negatively and thereby a void such practices. Another knowledge transfer that can be of help to Strinidal from the global world is transparency in governments. This fact will help the country to develop because transparency in government businesses attracts investment inflows from global mutual funds like IMF and World Bank. Technological transfer is a primary feature of globalization. Technological and innovate transfer from other countries such in the fields of information (development of mobile phones, computers and other electronics) can greatly boost Strinidal economy. Globalization also opens up greater export markets therefore earning the country foreign exchange (Baffour, A, 2011,pg 138). Moreover, IMF and World Bank reports states free movement of labour in the globalised world will help Strinidal Company in several ways. It can help Strinidal to obtain prodctive labour. The gains from the productive labour according to the report are higher than the income paid to the individuals. The difference in the salary paid and money earned from the labour generates income to these countries. Furthermore allowing labour flow from a less developed country to a more developed country is beneficial. This is because it leads to knowledge and skill impartation to the workers (Eclac: 2002. pg 102). When this labour force comes back home they are able to use the new skills hence will be beneficial to Strinidal. The other aspect of globalization that will be beneficial to Strinidal is the direct foreign investment. This is because when foreigners invest in industries they create employment opportunities to citizens in Strinidal thereby improving their living standards. The last gain Strinidal will accrue from globalizing is through capital market liberalization. From the World Bank research Gao, (2000, p140) non-globalizing developing nations yearly rates of growth dropped from 3.3% to 1.4% in 1970s to 1990s respectively. Developing countries pro globalization on the other hand had an increase of 1.4%, 2.9%, 3.5%, and 5.0% in 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990 respectively. Risks of deeper globalization for Strinidal Despite the many gains for the Strinidal on globalization there are many risks in the various aspects of globalizing. Involvement in globalization in the developing countries increased from 19%-29% between 1971 and 1999. However the only beneficiaries of the involvement in globalization were the developed and newly industrialized countries, (Gao, 2000,p140). The developing countries like Strinidal lost in the long run and therefore its involvement in international trade is questionable if it cannot bear fruits. Moreover instead of depending on aids from developed countries, developing countries such as decided to open their doors for direct foreign investment especially in the 1990s. Nevertheless FDIs have become so much unstable and unpredictable hence cannot be relied upon in investment. World Bank and IMF allege that movement of labour movement from areas where there is low skilled area to high skilled area will help in reinvestment due to introduction of new skills and ideas. But the truth of the matter is that has not always been the case. Many of the workers who go to work abroad rarely do not reinvest back nor do they come back to their countries to offer the new knowledge and skills they acquired. This may be because of the high cost of living in the foreign countries which may force them to live from hand to mouth. According to the policy modeling journal, trade liberalization has led to increasing rates of interest of global loans. Stricter monetary rules have made it almost impossible for developing countries to invest in developed countries such America. As a result it is only developed countries who invest in developing countries hence reap profits at the expense of developing countries. Therefore trade liberalization is not meant for the benefit of the poor countries but for the rich countries such the United States. Capital market freedom is another globalizing aspect. Research by Gao, (2000, p140) has indicated that capital market liberalization is mostly associated with currency and financial crisis. When such crisis takes place a country is forced to mobilize its domestic funds to address the situation thereby slowing growth by going against a countrys budget. Capital market liberalization has also the effect of making countries to give up theeir control of exchange rate and monetary guidelines. This has great implication on other countries economic growth especially when there is world financial crisis. The effect is disabling domestic financial institutions such as banks have been functionally and competitive wise. This is because national financial institutions cannot compete international institutions such as World Bank. Furthermore when countries have debts they have to deposit debt reserves equal to the short term debts with United States. This leads to capital flight. The given money is unavailable to these countries but for United States. This is disadvantageous to the countries getting the loan because the reserved money could have been used for investment. United States on the other hand does business with this money and makes profits via its banks. It is estimated that America makes profit of $ 14 million using this money. The other undoing for the developing countries is the high interest rate of 18% (IMF, 2000). Political globalization was meant to advance good and acceptable ethics in politics. This was supposed to be transfer of information on the best ways of leadership. The philosophies supported as a bench mark for good governance were sovereignty and independency. Furthermore governments were supposed to embrace democracy. However in many developing countries such as Nigeria Sierra Leone and Congo there has been a lot of political interference by international organizations such as World Bank. These organizations control these countries because of the presence of valuable minerals in these countries. They therefore involve themselves in corruption to win concessions, and get access to the minerals e.g. fuel. This has lowered economic growth in the developing countries. Globalization has also led to the destruction of the traditional culture and tainted the image of employers. The IMF proposed radical policies adopted by many countries in the world (IMF, 2000). During the economic turmoil this global organization proposed laying off of many workers mercilessly. This was breaking from many traditional norms of being fair. Difference in globalization in rural and urban areas in Strinidal Globalization has affected many areas of peoples lives such as culture, trade, technology among others. Nonetheless there is a difference in degree of the effect of globalization in Strinidal in urban and rural areas. The effect is far much greater in the urban center than the rural areas. For example in terms of technology the urban areas are more technologically advanced than the rural areas. The urban folk access the internet and are more conversant with the use of mobile phones than the rural folk. In terms of culture people living in the urban areas are more preserved and traditional in terms of their dressing. The urbanized people have integrated other peoples way of dressing by watching their television and interaction they have aped other peoples culture (Baffour, A, 2011, pg 151). Conclusion It will be biased to conclusively say that Globalization is bad. Globalization has its advantages and disadvantages. However for developing countries such as Strinidal it is not prudent that it opens its gate entirely to globalization. We have seen that globalization to a greater extent favors developed countries. Furthermore the developed and international organizations have always made use developing nations as a stepping stone in achieving their goals in the global and free market economy. Buy custom The Business Environment essay

The Death Penalty Unconstitutional and Morally Wrong essays

The Death Penalty Unconstitutional and Morally Wrong essays The death penalty as currently structured and administered is morally wrong and violates the beliefs of most religions and the American constitution, a document that was implemented to protect the rights of Americans. As an alternative to protection these laws are being interrupted to justify taking the lives of criminals. Although the legality of capital punishment has been justified countless times by countless courts, and is supported by an overwhelming majority of Americans, it is morally wrong. Capital punishment which dates back to the beginning of time breaks the fifth commandment, one of the oldest rules governing the human race. To kill is to rob man of the great privilege reserved for God alone. Only God has the right to judge when the physical must end. (Moses) Capital punishment is not only an unacceptable punishment because it is immoral, it is also unconstitutional. Capital punishment was found to violate the Eighth Amendment's "prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment," and the Fourteenth Amendment's "guarantees of equal protection of the laws and due process" (Litardo 1). In 1972, the Furman vs. Georgia trial caused the Supreme Court to cancel hundreds of scheduled executions and to declare the death penalty unconstitutional. However, in 1976 in Gregg vs. Georgia , the Court reinstated the death penalty stating, "It does not invariably violate the Constitution if administered in a manner designed to guard against arbitrariness and discrimination." After this decision, several states reenacted the capital punishment laws. However, capital punishment indeed violates the Eighth Amendment which became a part of the United States Constitution in 1789. Capital punishment is both a cruel and an unusual punishment. No punishment can be crueler than death, especially if it is applied to an innocent person. Murdering to stop murderers is too cruel! Wendy Kaminer, in her book, It's All the Rage , verb...